From Athens to Andalusia: The Enduring Legacy of Plato, Aristotle, and the Islamic Philosophers

Abstract

This article explores the foundational contributions of key philosophers—Plato, Aristotle, Al-Fārābi, Ibn Sīna, and Ibn Rushd—to the history of philosophical thought. It investigates their major ideas across metaphysics, ethics, epistemology, and political philosophy, emphasizing their relevance across cultures and time periods. The study also highlights the enduring influence of their work on both Islamic and Western intellectual traditions, showing how reason and revelation were negotiated in the pursuit of truth.1