Advances in Neurofeedback and Brain-Computer Interfaces for Speech Therapy in Stroke Survivors

Abstract

Introduction

Brain-computer interfaces can potentially enhance communication skills in stroke survivors. This literature review aims to explore the current state of neurofeedback and BCI applications in speech rehabilitation for either ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke patients.

Methods

A systematic search until 1 August 2024 from the following electronic databases was conducted: PubMed, Europe PMC, and SCOPUS. The search terms used included combinations of the following keywords: "Brain-Computer Interface" or "BCI", "Neurofeedback", "Speech Rehabilitation", "Stroke Patients", "Post-Stroke Recovery", "Communication Impairment", and "Neurorehabilitation". The outcomes of this literature review focus on the utilization of neurofeedback and BCIs in rehabilitation and neurofeedback-based rehabilitation.

Results

The rationale for using BCIs for speech neuroprosthesis among stroke patients lies in the ability of BCIs to restore communication abilities, bypass damaged neural pathways, and enhance neuroplasticity. Stroke often impairs speech and language functions, severely affecting quality of life. BCIs offer an alternative means of communication by decoding neural signals related to speech and translating them into synthesized speech or text. BCIs can circumvent damaged brain areas by interfacing with remaining functional regions, promoting functional recovery and neuroplasticity.

Conclusions

This study suggests that BCIs, by decoding neural signals and translating them into synthesized speech or text, can significantly enhance the quality of life for stroke patients. Further research is needed to refine these technologies and integrate them into standard neurorehabilitation protocols.